Monday, October 11, 2010

Tribal Police Face Increased Dangers in Indian Country

Over the weekend word spread of the loss of Officer Merrill Bruguier. Officer Bruguier had the distinction of serving within one of the most unique law enforcement settings in America: tribal policing. He began his career with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribal Police in 1996 as a detention officer and became a police officer in 2002. On the morning of Saturday, October 9, 2010, Officer Bruguier was killed in a single vehicle crash while on duty.

In the past 10 years, only seven tribal law enforcement officers have been killed in the line of duty. Two of those losses have occurred this year. In addition to Officer Bruguier, Police Officer Joshua Yazzie was killed in an automobile accident on the Ute Indian Reservation in Utah while serving with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs Division of Law Enforcement.

According to the Tribal Law and Policy Institute, there are over 200 tribal police departments in America, staffed with only 2,300 officers. Just like traditional agencies, these range from small 2-officer departments to departments with over 200+ officers protecting 250,000 citizens in an area larger than the state of Connecticut. Unlike traditional agencies, these officers often work alone in extremely remote areas with no hope for a quick response from backup officers. At the same time, they are combating crime created by a higher than normal rate of alcohol and drug abuse.

Reservations that lie on or near the U.S. / Mexican border, such as the Tohono O'Odham Nation, also have to deal with the very dangerous reality of narcotics and human smuggling operations orchestrated by Mexican drug cartels. Four U.S. Border Patrol agents and one U.S. Customs Service patrol officer have been killed in the line of duty on the reservation since 1986.

In total, 51 members of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs Division of Law Enforcement and 40 members of individual tribal police departments have been killed in the line of duty. We join the Indian Country Law Enforcement Officers Memorial at FLETC-Artesia in honoring these fallen heroes:

Patch image: Ak-Chin Tribal Police Department, AZAk-Chin Tribal Police Department
Maricopa, AZ
Fallen officers: 2
Patch image: Cherokee Nation Marshal's Service, OKCherokee Nation Marshal's Service
Tahlequah, OK
Fallen officers: 3
Patch image: Colville Tribal Police Department, WAColville Tribal Police Department
Nespelem, WA
Fallen officers: 2
Patch image: Crow Nation Tribal Police Department, MTCrow Nation Tribal Police Department
Crow Agency, MT
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribal Police Department, NVFallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribal Police Department
Fallon, NV
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Flathead Indian Nation Police Department, MTFlathead Indian Nation Police Department
Pablo, MT
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Hannahville Tribal Police Department, MIHannahville Tribal Police Department
Wilson, MI
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Jicarilla Apache Tribal Police Department, NMJicarilla Apache Tribal Police Department
Dulce, NM
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Miccosukee Tribal Police Department, FLMiccosukee Tribal Police Department
Miami, FL
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Navajo Division of Public Safety, AZNavajo Division of Public Safety
Window Rock, AZ
Fallen officers: 8
Patch image: Oglala Sioux Tribal Police, SDOglala Sioux Tribal Police
Pine Ridge, SD
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Oneida Tribal Police Department, WIOneida Tribal Police Department
Oneida, WI
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Oklahoma Police, OKOtoe-Missouria Tribe of Oklahoma Police
Red Rock, OK
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Pojoaque Pueblo Tribal Police Department, NMPojoaque Pueblo Tribal Police Department
Santa Fe, NM
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Quinault Tribal Police Department, WAQuinault Tribal Police Department
Taholah, WA
Fallen officers: 2
Patch image: Rocky Boy's Tribal Police Department, MTRocky Boy's Tribal Police Department
Box Elder, MT
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: San Carlos Apache Tribal Police Department, AZSan Carlos Apache Tribal Police Department
San Carlos, AZ
Fallen officers: 3
Patch image: San Ildefonso Pueblo Tribal Police, NMSan Ildefonso Pueblo Tribal Police
Santa Fe, NM
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Seminole Nation of Oklahoma Lighthorsemen Police, OKSeminole Nation of Oklahoma Lighthorsemen Police
Wewoka, OK
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Seminole Tribe of Florida Department of Law Enforcement, FLSeminole Tribe of Florida Department of Law Enforcement
Hollywood, FL
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Tohono O'odham Nation Police Department, AZTohono O'odham Nation Police Department
Sells, AZ
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, DCUnited States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement
Washington, DC
Fallen officers: 51
Patch image: Ute Mountain Tribal Police Department, COUte Mountain Tribal Police Department
Towaoc, CO
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Warm Springs Tribal Police Department, ORWarm Springs Tribal Police Department
Warm Springs, OR
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: White Mountain Apache Tribal Police Department, AZWhite Mountain Apache Tribal Police Department
Whiteriver, AZ
Fallen officers: 1
Patch image: Yakama Nation Tribal Police Department, WAYakama Nation Tribal Police Department
Toppenish, WA
Fallen officers: 1

Tuesday, October 5, 2010

Successful Suicide By Cop is Not the Cop's Fault

Two days ago a New York City man called 911 and told the dispatcher "I want you to call the cops ‘cause I’m ready to kill. … I’m ready to kill some cops right now." Not surprisingly, the cops came. Thankfully they all went home.

However, the knife-wielding man who made the threat was killed after verbal commands and the use of a Taser failed to stop his threatening advances. All indications point to proper procedure being followed. Nonetheless, within hours, a media-seeking city councilman immediately started criticizing the responding officers and blaming them for the man's death. The councilman stated further: "No one...would kill a cop when all they had was a 4-inch knife."

He couldn't have been more wrong.

Officer Gary Coe
The first of 400 police officers to have been fatally stabbed in the line of duty nationwide was Watchman Christian Luswanger of the New York City Watch - the original NYPD! In addition to Watchman Luswanger, 23 other NYPD officers have been fatally stabbed in the line of duty including Officer Gary Coe, who was stabbed five times, with none other than a "four-inch utility knife," in 1989.

Since the earliest days of American law enforcement, edged weapons have posed a real and deadly threat to officers patrolling our streets and supervising inmates in our prisons. To dismiss a "4-inch knife" as a non-threat and to criticize officers for defending themselves from getting stabbed is extremely naive.

I am extremely thankful that Sunday's incident didn't add any more names of stabbing victims to the NYPD Memorial Wall at Battery Park.

Watchman Christian Luswanger Thursday, December 25, 1806
New York City Watch, NY
Watchman Lewis L. Leuba Wednesday, April 13, 1836
New York City Watch, NY
Watchman Kim Hudson Sunday, August 28, 1836
New York City Watch, NY
Sergeant Michael Foster Monday, August 4, 1851
New York Municipal Police Force, NY
Patrolman David Gourley Sunday, November 5, 1854
New York Municipal Police Force, NY
Patrolman Stephen P. Hardenbrook Wednesday, April 15, 1857
New York Municipal Police Force, NY 3 years
Patrolman David Martin Tuesday, August 6, 1861
New York Metropolitan Police Force, NY
Patrolman Robert S. McChesney Saturday, October 19, 1867
New York Metropolitan Police Force, NY 2 months
Patrolman Charles Thompson Sunday, December 1, 1867
New York Metropolitan Police Force, NY
Sergeant James McGiven Monday, July 24, 1876
New York Municipal Police Department, NY
Patrolman James North Friday, August 21, 1885
New York Municipal Police Department, NY
Patrolman John J. Sherman Tuesday, September 1, 1891
New York Police Department, NY 5 years
Patrolman Robert J. Thorpe Monday, August 13, 1900
New York City Police Department, NY
Patrolman Charles L. Horn Monday, October 8, 1900
New York City Police Department, NY 5 years
Sergeant Joseph H. McNierney Friday, October 3, 1913
New York City Police Department, NY 18 years
Patrolman Leroy J. Sheares Monday, April 20, 1936
New York City Police Department, NY 3 years
Sergeant Edward J. Johnson Jr. Friday, January 8, 1960
New York City Police Department, NY 11 years
Patrolman Anthony F. Campisi Friday, November 4, 1966
New York City Police Department, NY
Patrolman Lawrence Stefane Thursday, May 28, 1970
New York City Police Department, NY 3 years
Probationary Patrolman Patrick M. Canavan Monday, September 7, 1970
New York City Police Department, NY 2 months
Patrolman Michael W. Paolillo Wednesday, September 23, 1970
New York City Police Department, NY
Patrolman Robert L. Denton Saturday, July 24, 1971
New York City Police Department, NY 2 years
Police Officer Gary C. Coe Saturday, November 11, 1989
New York City Police Department, NY 4 years
Detective Jaime Betancourt Sunday, March 31, 2002
New York City Police Department, NY 9 years

Monday, October 4, 2010

Days From Retirement...

After last week's two articles about the shortest serving and longest serving officers who were killed in the line of duty, I received the following question:

"With your recent listings of officers lost on their first day and with 40 or more years of service, I was curious to know if there have been any LODDs involving the infamous cop movie cliche of "two weeks to retirement". I figure that overworked subplot had to originate in reality somewhere."
Sadly, this cliche is based in fact. After looking through the ODMP's records I was able to identify 19 officers who were killed after having announced their retirement - some within days of reaching it. In two cases, the lawmen were killed in the line of duty after coming out of retirement to fill in for staffing shortages.

Chief Walter Braswell
Officer Joseph Dardis
In 1965, Chief of Police Walter Braswell was shot and killed two months after coming out of retirement to fill in as Fremont, N.C., looked for a new chief. Chief Braswell had already served 40 years as a police officer! The other incident occurred in 1944 when 72-year-old Officer Joseph Dardis came out of retirement in Beacon, N.Y., to help out due to WWII staff shortages. As the young men of the town were off fighting and dying in the war, Officer Dardis died while fighting with a U.S. Navy deserter who was walking the streets.

Both of these heroes had already survived the streets and did not have to return to duty in their latter years but did. Like those who went before them, and those who fell after them, they were protectors and warriors. We will never let them be forgotten.

Killed days from retirement:

Sergeant Michael J. (Owshaney) Lawrence Minneapolis Police Department, MN 1925-12-30
Deputy Sheriff Ernest C. Prouty Jasper County Sheriff's Department, IN 1931-01-04
Night Watchman Charles O. Riske Moulton Police Department, TX 1935-03-02
Police Officer Eugene J. Chavis Philadelphia Police Department, PA 1944-05-20
Police Officer Joseph Dardis Beacon Police Department, NY 1944-07-24
Sergeant James McCullough Flint Police Department, MI 1952-02-28
Lieutenant John William Hood Cobb County Police Department, GA 1960-06-25
Chief of Police Walter Brannon Braswell Fremont Police Department, NC 1965-11-13
Deputy Warren LaRue Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, AZ 1971-01-18
Patrolman Frank Buczek Plainfield Police Department, NJ 1971-09-18
Patrolman Donald A. Brown Boston Police Department, MA 1974-05-24
Police Officer Richard F. Gipson Chicago Police Department, IL 1981-02-04
Patrolman Jerome Victor Haaf Minneapolis Police Department, MN 1992-09-25
Lieutenant Herbert Berkeley Stovall Jr. Peralta Community College District Police Department, CA 1995-08-16
Officer Terry Eugene Foster Independence Police Department, MO 2001-03-17
Police Officer John Perry New York City Police Department, NY 2001-09-11
Lieutenant Charles A. (Bo) Harrison Pasco County Sheriff's Office, FL 2003-06-01
Corporal Cesar Velazquez Hainesville Police Department, IL 2009-05-15
Chief of Police Daniel K. Duncan Lake Oswego Police Department, OR 2010-05-20

This is likely not a complete list, due to lack of reporting or loss of records from departments. If you are familiar with any additional cases, please post them in the comments form below or submit an update to their memorial on the ODMP.